Ma-shée-na, Elk’s Horns, a Subchief

George Catlin probably painted this portrait of Elk’s Horns, a member of the Kickapoo tribe, at Fort Leavenworth (in today’s Kansas) in 1830, the same year he took portraits of the Delaware, Kaskaskia, Peoria, and other tribes. Catlin’s efforts from 1830 are generally considered his first attempts at Indian portraits in the West. In his 1848 Catalogue, where he offered notes and descriptions of all the paintings in his Indian Gallery, Catlin described this portrait as “a Sub-Chief, in the act of prayer.” (Truettner, The Natural Man Observed, 1979)