Howard Hack moved to San Francisco when he was eighteen and studied art and philosophy. In the mid-1960s, he began his Window series, a group of paintings that show distorted views through office and store windows near his studio.

Leo Friedlander exhibited drawings at the Art Students League in New York when he was only twelve years old. He worked as a modeler in an ornamental shop for many years, then studied in Brussels, Paris, and Rome before returning to New York.

Randolph Rogers was born in Waterloo, New York, but grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan, showing little interest in art. He moved to New York City at age twenty and made some busts for the store where he was a clerk.

Frederick Mayhew worked in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and on the island of Martha’s Vineyard, where he was born in the small farming community of Chilmark.

Werner Groshans moved with his family from Germany to the United States at the age of thirteen and began his studies at the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Art a year later.